VBS脚本基础语法实例讲解

一、VBScript基础概念

VBScript（Visual Basic Scripting Edition）是一种脚本语言，主要用于：

Windows系统管理
ASP网页开发
Office自动化
简单的桌面程序

二、基础语法实例

1. 第一个VBScript程序

' 注释：使用MsgBox显示消息
MsgBox "Hello VBScript!", vbInformation, "欢迎"

2. 变量和数据类型

' 声明变量
Dim name, age, salary
Dim isMarried

' 赋值
name = "张三"
age = 25
salary = 5000.50
isMarried = False

' 输出
MsgBox "姓名：" & name & vbCrLf & _
       "年龄：" & age & vbCrLf & _
       "工资：" & salary

3. 输入输出

' 输入框
Dim userName
userName = InputBox("请输入您的姓名：", "输入")
If userName <> "" Then
    MsgBox "您好，" & userName & "!"
End If

4. 条件语句

' If...Then...Else
Dim score
score = InputBox("请输入分数：")

If IsNumeric(score) Then
    score = CInt(score)

    If score >= 90 Then
        MsgBox "优秀"
    ElseIf score >= 60 Then
        MsgBox "及格"
    Else
        MsgBox "不及格"
    End If
Else
    MsgBox "请输入数字！"
End If

5. 循环语句

' For循环
Dim i, sum
sum = 0

For i = 1 To 10
    sum = sum + i
Next

MsgBox "1到10的和是：" & sum

' While循环
Dim count
count = 1

Do While count <= 5
    MsgBox "第" & count & "次循环"
    count = count + 1
Loop

' Do Until循环
Dim num
num = 1

Do Until num > 3
    MsgBox "当前数字：" & num
    num = num + 1
Loop

6. 数组

' 声明数组
Dim fruits(3)
fruits(0) = "苹果"
fruits(1) = "香蕉"
fruits(2) = "橙子"
fruits(3) = "葡萄"

' 遍历数组
Dim output, index
output = "水果列表：" & vbCrLf

For index = 0 To UBound(fruits)
    output = output & (index + 1) & ". " & fruits(index) & vbCrLf
Next

MsgBox output

' 动态数组
Dim numbers()
ReDim numbers(5)

Dim j
For j = 0 To 5
    numbers(j) = j * 10
Next

' 重新调整大小，保留原有数据
ReDim Preserve numbers(10)

7. 过程与函数

' Sub过程（无返回值）
Sub Greet(name)
    MsgBox "你好，" & name & "！"
End Sub

' 调用过程
Call Greet("李四")

' Function函数（有返回值）
Function Add(a, b)
    Add = a + b
End Function

' 调用函数
Dim result
result = Add(10, 20)
MsgBox "10 + 20 = " & result

' 计算阶乘的函数
Function Factorial(n)
    If n <= 1 Then
        Factorial = 1
    Else
        Factorial = n * Factorial(n - 1)
    End If
End Function

MsgBox "5的阶乘是：" & Factorial(5)

8. 字符串操作

Dim str1, str2, length, upperStr, lowerStr

str1 = "Hello "
str2 = "VBScript"

' 连接字符串
Dim combined
combined = str1 & str2
MsgBox combined

' 获取长度
length = Len(combined)
MsgBox "字符串长度：" & length

' 大小写转换
upperStr = UCase(combined)
lowerStr = LCase(combined)
MsgBox "大写：" & upperStr & vbCrLf & "小写：" & lowerStr

' 截取字符串
Dim part
part = Mid(combined, 7, 4)
MsgBox "第7-10个字符：" & part

' 查找字符串
Dim position
position = InStr(combined, "Script")
MsgBox "Script的位置：" & position

' 替换
Dim newStr
newStr = Replace(combined, "Hello", "Hi")
MsgBox "替换后：" & newStr

9. 日期和时间

' 获取当前日期时间
Dim currentTime
currentTime = Now
MsgBox "当前时间：" & currentTime

' 获取日期部分
Dim currentDate
currentDate = Date
MsgBox "当前日期：" & currentDate

' 格式化日期
MsgBox "年：" & Year(currentDate) & vbCrLf & _
       "月：" & Month(currentDate) & vbCrLf & _
       "日：" & Day(currentDate) & vbCrLf & _
       "星期：" & WeekdayName(Weekday(currentDate))

' 日期计算
Dim tomorrow, nextWeek
tomorrow = DateAdd("d", 1, currentDate)
nextWeek = DateAdd("d", 7, currentDate)

MsgBox "明天：" & tomorrow & vbCrLf & _
       "一周后：" & nextWeek

10. 文件操作

' 创建文件系统对象
Dim fso, file, folder, text

Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

' 创建文件夹
If Not fso.FolderExists("C:\TestFolder") Then
    Set folder = fso.CreateFolder("C:\TestFolder")
    MsgBox "文件夹创建成功"
End If

' 创建文件
Set file = fso.CreateTextFile("C:\TestFolder\test.txt", True)

' 写入文件
file.WriteLine "第一行"
file.WriteLine "第二行"
file.Close

' 读取文件
Set file = fso.OpenTextFile("C:\TestFolder\test.txt", 1)
text = file.ReadAll
file.Close

MsgBox "文件内容：" & vbCrLf & text

' 删除文件
fso.DeleteFile "C:\TestFolder\test.txt"
fso.DeleteFolder "C:\TestFolder"

11. 错误处理

On Error Resume Next  ' 启用错误处理

Dim x, y, z
x = 10
y = 0

' 这里会产生除以零的错误
z = x / y

If Err.Number <> 0 Then
    MsgBox "错误号：" & Err.Number & vbCrLf & _
           "错误描述：" & Err.Description & vbCrLf & _
           "错误来源：" & Err.Source
    Err.Clear  ' 清除错误
Else
    MsgBox "结果：" & z
End If

On Error GoTo 0  ' 禁用错误处理

12. 实用示例：学生成绩管理系统

' 学生成绩管理
Dim students(2, 2)  ' 3个学生，3门课程

' 初始化成绩
students(0, 0) = "张三"
students(0, 1) = 85
students(0, 2) = 90

students(1, 0) = "李四"
students(1, 1) = 75
students(1, 2) = 80

students(2, 0) = "王五"
students(2, 1) = 95
students(2, 2) = 88

' 显示所有学生成绩
Dim outputStr, i
outputStr = "学生成绩表：" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf
outputStr = outputStr & "姓名     语文  数学  平均分" & vbCrLf
outputStr = outputStr & "--------------------------" & vbCrLf

For i = 0 To 2
    Dim avgScore
    avgScore = (students(i, 1) + students(i, 2)) / 2
    outputStr = outputStr & students(i, 0) & "    " & _
                students(i, 1) & "     " & _
                students(i, 2) & "     " & _
                FormatNumber(avgScore, 1) & vbCrLf
Next

MsgBox outputStr

三、运行VBScript的方法

1. 保存为文件

将代码保存为 .vbs 文件，双击运行。

2. 在命令行运行

cscript script.vbs
wscript script.vbs

3. 在HTML中嵌入

<html>
<body>
<script type="text/vbscript">
    MsgBox "这是网页中的VBScript"
</script>
</body>
</html>

四、调试技巧

' 使用MsgBox调试
Dim debugValue
debugValue = 100
MsgBox "调试点1：debugValue = " & debugValue

' 使用WScript.Echo（在命令行显示）
WScript.Echo "调试信息"

' 使用日志文件
Dim logFile
Set logFile = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").CreateTextFile("debug.log", True)
logFile.WriteLine "程序开始运行：" & Now
logFile.Close